Less common trace ions include zinc, nickel, molybdenum and cobalt (Zn, Ni, Mo, and Co) in detectable amounts, and show a positive correlation with increasing acidity and salinity. 59% of the sampled waters have detectable amounts of Mn (>46 mg/L) and Cu (<9.5 mg/L). On average, strontium (Sr) values can get up to 65mg/L and increase with salinity. Other trace ions are present in these lakes in large amounts as well. Some of the most concentrated Al is at 8000mg/L, which is much higher than that of acid mine waters or seawaters. Even more different than usual brines, in acid saline systems the amount of Al is magnitudes higher than that of Ca. However, this same correlation is not seen with Al and Si ions. The amount of Fe in the waters has a positive correlation with salinity, with the higher the salinity of the water the higher Fe value is present. Conversely, waters with pH’s higher than 4 are nearly void of HCO 3 −. The more acidic the waters are, the more recorded Fe, Al, and Si elemental compounds. Many elemental components within the lake systems are made up of ions that are usually only found in trace amounts in other natural lakes. Wave Rock Lake, pH 1.7) has the lowest Na and Cl ions, with much higher concentration of other common ions. Most of the ions within the waters are Na and Cl (~88%) but can vary from 60% - 98% in some lakes. Most of the Western Australian waters are sodium chloride (NaCl) brines with varying, but regionally excessive, amounts of calcium, potassium, aluminium, iron, bromine and silicon (Ca, K, Al, Fe, Br, and Si). Lake MacKay, one of the largest ephemeral saline lakes that exist in Western Australia.Īn ephemeral acid saline lake is a lake that is relatively high in dissolved salts and has a low pH, usually within the range of 1 to 5 and the average salinity is >25%, nearly 8 times that of seawater.
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